Exile and Religious Identity, 1500-1800

Military Transformation in the Ottoman Empire and Russia, 1500-1800

By the early 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had emerged as a major military power in Southeastern Europe and the Middle East. The Ottomans were feared and admired by contemporaneous Europeans from Niccol6 Machiavelli to Ivan Peresvetov. The latter regarded the empire of Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1444-46, 1451-81) as a model to be emulated by his own ruler, Ivan IV of Muscovy (r. 1547-84), and inde...

Latino Religious Affiliation and Ethnic Identity

Despite the pervasiveness of Catholicism among Latinos, studies reveal an increasing shift toward Protestantism. Examining the relationship between religion and ethnicity, we explore homeland language use as a core ethnic marker using a survey from the Pew Hispanic Center. Results reveal that Catholic Latinos are significantly more likely to use Spanish at home, even after controlling for other...

oRtHodoxy and HeteRodoxy: sHapIng RelIgIous IdentIty In

Active euthanasia in pre-modern society, 1500-1800: learned debates and popular practices.

Historians of medical ethics have found that active euthanasia, in the sense of intentionally hastening the death of terminally-ill patients, was considered unacceptable in the Christian West before the 1870s. This paper presents a range of early modern texts on the issue which reflect a learned awareness of practices designed to shorten the lives of dying patients which were widely accepted am...

A history of the university in Europe. Volume II: Universities in early modern Europe (1500–1800)

Lloyd asks who claimed to possess specialist knowledge of the body, and what it was used for. In both cultures the body was seen as a symbol of order. In Chinese medicine there was a greater interest in the social hierarchy of organs, but also the free flow of qi was seen as essential for health. Analogies between body and state were used to show that political health depended on the ruler's vi...